# Course: ITI 1120
# Assignment Number 1

import math
import turtle

########################
# Question 1
########################

def pythagorean_pair(a,b):
        '''
        (int,int) -> boolean
        Returns boolean stating whether the two integers inputed were a pythagorean pair
        (a**2 + b**2 = c**2, where c (is a perfect square)
        '''
        c = math.hypot(a,b)
        return int(c) == c


########################
# Question 2
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def mh2kh(s):
        '''
        (number) -> number
        A funciton that returns kilometers per hour given the miles per hour.
        Precondition: s is a non-negative number
        '''
        return s*1.60934
        

########################
# Question 3
########################

def in_out(xs,ys,side):
        '''
        (number, number, number) 
        A function that defines square plane given the coordinates of its bottom right corner (xs,ys) and its side (side).
        Then prints boolean stating if given point (x,y) lies in the plane.
        Precondition: side is a non-negative number
        '''
        x2 = xs + side
        y2 = ys + side

        x = float(input("Enter a number for the x cooridnate of a query point"))
        y = float(input("Enter a number for the y cooridnate of a query point"))

        print(xs <= x <= x2 and ys <= y <= y2)

        
########################
# Question 4
########################

def safe(n):
        '''
        (int) -> none
        A function that prints boolean stating if the integer contains or is divisible by 
        Precondition: integer is at most 2 digits and is non-negative
        '''
        return (not(int(n/9) == n/9 or 9 == n % 10 or int(n/10) == 9))


########################
# Question 5
########################

def quote_maker(quote,name,year):
        '''
        (string,string,int) -> string
        Returns sentence stating the year and the person that said the quote
        '''
        sentence = "In" + ' ' + str(year) + ', ' +  'a person called' + ' ' + name + ' ' + 'said: \"' + quote + '\".'
        return sentence


########################
# Question 6
########################

def quote_displayer():
        '''
        None -> None
        Calls for input from the user using parameters from quote_maker(), then prints result
        '''
        quote = input("Give me a quote.")
        name = input("Who said that?")
        year = str(input("What year did he/she say that?"))
        print(quote_maker(quote, name, year))


########################
# Question 7
########################

def rps_winner():
        '''
        (string, string) -> nothing
        Prints result of rock paper scissor game
        Precondition: input from user must be paper, rock or scissor
        '''
        
        p1 = input("What choice did player 1 make? \n Type one of the following options: rock, paper, scissors:")
        p2 = input("What choice did player 2 make? \n Type one of the following options: rock, paper, scissors:")                   
        p1_wins = (p1 == "rock" and p2 == "scissors") or (p1 == "scissors" and p2 == "paper") or (p1 == "paper" and p2 == "rock")
        
        print("Player 1 wins. That is" + ' ' + str(p1_wins))
        print("It is a tie. That is" + ' ' + str(p1==p2))


########################
# Question 8
########################
        '''
        (number, number) -> float
        Returns y given x, using equation 10^(4y) = x+3
        Precondition: x is positive
        '''
def fun(x):
        y = (math.log(abs(x)+3,10))/4
        return y


########################
# Question 9
########################
        '''
        (string) -> none
        Displays name in a plaque of *
        '''
def ascii_name_plaque(name):
        print("***"+(len(name) * "*")+"***")
        print("*  "+(len(name) * " ")+"  *")
        print("*__"+ name +"__*")
        print("*  "+(len(name) * " ")+"  *")
        print("***"+(len(name) * "*")+"***")


########################
# Question 10
########################
        '''
        None -> None
        Draws a train using turtle graphics
        '''
def draw_train():
        s = turtle.Screen()
        t = turtle.Turtle()

#Dark green body
        t.fillcolor("dark green")
        t.pensize(3)
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(100,0)
        t.goto(100,200)
        t.goto(0,200)
        t.goto(0,0)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        #roof
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-5,210)
        t.pendown()
        t.goto(105,210)
        t.goto(105,200)
        t.goto(-5,200)
        t.goto(-5,210)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

#Green body
        t.fillcolor("green")#green rectangle
        t.goto(0,0)
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-150,0)
        t.goto(-150,110)
        t.goto(0,110)
        t.goto(0,0)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        #large chimney
        t.goto(-140,110)  #rectangle
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-140,160)
        t.goto(-130,160)
        t.goto(-130,110)
        t.goto(-140,110)
        t.end_fill()
                          
        t.goto(-140,160)  #large trapezoid
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-165,203)
        t.goto(-105,203)
        t.goto(-130,160)
        t.end_fill()

        t.goto(-105,203) #small trapezoid
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-111,213)
        t.goto(-159,213)
        t.goto(-165,203)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        #small chimney
        t.goto(-100,110) #rectangle
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-85,110)
        t.goto(-85,125)
        t.goto(-100,125)
        t.goto(-100,110)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        t.goto(-85,125) #semi-circle
        t.setheading(90)
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.circle(7.5,180)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        #medium chimney
        t.goto(-60,110) #rectangle
        t.setheading(0)
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-35,110)
        t.goto(-35,135)
        t.goto(-60,135)
        t.goto(-60,110)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        t.goto(-35,135) #semi-circle
        t.setheading(90)
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.circle(12.5,180)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

#Black body
        t.fillcolor("black") #small tire (left)
        t.goto(-85,0)
        t.setheading(90)
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.circle(20)
        t.end_fill()

        t.goto(-20,0) #small tire (middle)
        t.begin_fill()
        t.circle(20)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        t.goto(90,15) #large tire (right)
        t.begin_fill()
        t.circle(35)
        t.end_fill()
        
#Grey body
        t.fillcolor("grey") #inner tire (left)
        t.goto(-95,0)
        t.begin_fill()
        t.circle(10)
        t.end_fill()

        t.goto(-30,0) #inner tire (middle)
        t.begin_fill()
        t.circle(10)
        t.end_fill()

        t.goto(80,15) #inner tire (right)
        t.begin_fill()
        t.pendown()
        t.circle(25)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        t.goto(-125,-10)#rectangle on wheels
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-125,-2)
        t.goto(-45,-2)
        t.goto(-45,-10)
        t.goto(-125,-10)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        t.goto(-150,55)#triangle in front of train
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(-150,-20)
        t.setheading(180)
        t.circle(-350,7)
        t.circle(-5,140)
        t.goto(-150,55)
        t.end_fill()

#Blue body
        t.fillcolor("light blue") #front window
        t.begin_fill()
        t.setheading(135)
        t.circle(-35,90)
        t.goto(-150,55)
        t.end_fill()
        t.penup()

        t.goto(10,185) #back window
        t.pendown()
        t.begin_fill()
        t.goto(90,185)
        t.goto(90,125)
        t.goto(10,125)
        t.goto(10,185)
        t.end_fill()

########################
# Question 11
########################

def alogical(n):
        '''
        (number) -> int
        Returns number of times n can be divided by 2 in order to get a number equal to or smaller than 1
        Precondition: n >= 1
        '''
        n = math.ceil(math.log2(n))
        return n
        

########################
# Question 12
########################

def time_format(h,m):
        '''
        (int,int) -> str
        Returns string expressing hours (h) and minutes (m) expressing the time
        Precondition: 0 =< h =< 23 and 0 <= m < 60
        '''
        rm = round(m/5)*5

        if rm == 0:
                return str(h) + " o\'clock"

        elif rm < 30:
                return str(rm) + " minutes past " + str(h) + " o\'clock"
                
        elif rm == 30:
                return "half past " + str(h) + " o\'clock"  

        elif rm < 60:
                h = h + 1
                if h == 24:
                        h = 0
                return str(60-rm) + " minutes to " + str(h) + " o\'clock"

        elif rm == 60:
                h = h + 1
                if h == 24:
                        h = 0
                return str(h) + " o\'clock"

        
########################
# Question 13
########################

def cad_cashier(price,payment):
        '''
        (number,number) -> number
        Returns the change given the price and payment
        Precondition: price and payment are non negative, and up to 2 decimal places
        '''
        real_change = payment - price
        return round(real_change*20)*5/100

        
########################
# Question 14
########################

def min_CAD_coins(price,payment):
        '''
        (number,number) -> (int,int,int,int,int)
        Returns minimum number of coins that is equal to the change of the given price and payment
        Precondition: price and payment are positive, and up to 2 decimal places
        '''
        cents = round(cad_cashier(price,payment)*100)
        t = 200
        l = 100
        q = 25
        d = 10
        n = 5

        #number of toonies
        t1 = int(cents/t)
        cents = cents - t1*t

        #number of loonies
        l1 = int(cents/l)
        cents = cents - l1*l

        #number of quarters
        q1 = int(cents/q)
        cents = cents - q1*q

        #number of dimes
        d1 = int(cents/d)
        cents = cents - d1*d

        #number of nickels
        n1 = int(cents/n)
        
        
        return (t1, l1, q1, d1, n1)